Notes for Peter HANSON


THE KORESHAN UNITY MEMBERSHIP LIST by Claude J. Rahn:  Peter Hanson; Died:  May
1935, Veterans Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida.

FLAMING SWORD, Community Current Events by Claude J. Rahn, May 1935: "Word has
been received that Peter Hanson, former resident here, died at the Veterans
Hospital in St. Petersburg, Florida, and was buried there on the fifth."

U. S. Federal Census; Estero, Lee, Florida; Enumerator:  Henry D.
Silverfriend; Enumeration Date:  5 Jan 1920; Microfilm number: 
1820221-T625-221; ED:  109; Precinct 10; Outside the Koreshan Colony;
Transcribed by Joyce Nelle Ratliff, January 1995:  Peter Hanson; Residence: 
Weiland? Place; Head of family; Home owned or rented:  Rented; Sex:  Male;
Color:  white; Age:  45; Marital status:  single; Year of immigration to U.
S.:  1892; Naturalized:  yes; Year of naturalization:  (?); Can read and
write:  yes; Place of birth:  Sweden; Place of birth of mother and father: 
Sweden; Can speak English:  yes; Occupation:  Cement mason, (?) Grove.
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Notes for Virginia H. HARMON


THE KORESHAN UNITY MEMBERSHIP LIST by Claude J. Rahn:  Virginia Harmon Andrews
(wife of Dr. A. W. K. Andrews)  Born:  4 Apr 1846, Dranesville, Fairfax, VA;
Died:  3 Aug 1921.

FOLKS WE KNEW WHILE IN THE K.U. by Marie McCready: "Dr. Andrews, a physician
and surgeon from New York state, and Virginia of southern birth, were among
the first converts.  Virginia, with her white hair and soft voice, was the
typical "southern lady" type.  Dudley later lived in Philadelphia.  Allen was
editor of the American Eagle at Estero and author of "A Yank Pioneer in in
Florida."  Annie Ray's hair turned white while she was still young, which,
with her black brows and lashes gave her a distinctive appearance."

Burial:  Horseshoe Bend on the River--Koreshan Unity Cemetery, lot-8;
Inscription:  Virginia Andrews; Aug 3, 1921.

1880 Census; State:  New York; County:  Broome; Township:  Binghamton; Family
History Library Film:  1254810; NA Film Number:  T9-0810; Page:  117D;
(www.familysearch.org); Name:  Virginia H. Andrews; Relation:  wife; Marital
status:  Married; Gender:  female; Race:  white; Birthplace:  Virginia;
Occupation:  Keeping House; Fathers's birthplace:  Maine; Mother's birthplace: 
Virginia.

1910 U.S. Federal Census/Estero/Lee County/Florida; Koreshan Unity;
Enumeration Date:  25 Apr 1910; Enumerator:  Walter S. Turner, Jr.; Microfilm
No.:  Fl 1910-H T624; ED:  80; Transcribed by Joyce Nelle Ratliff, January
1995:  Virginia H. Andrews:  Age 62, Sex:  female; Race:  white; Marital
status:  Widow; Number of years married:  25; Mother of 6 children; Number of
children living:  4; Place of birth:  Virginia; Place of birth of father: 
Maine; Place of birth of mother:  Virginia; Language spoken:  English;
Occupation: Secretary of Unity; Employer or worker:  worker; No. of months not
employed:  0; Can read and write:  yes.

1920 U.S. Federal Census\Estero/Lee County/Florida; Enumeration date:  Jan 2,
1920; Enumerator:  Henry D. Silverfriend; ED:  109; SD:  1; Fourth Precinct;
Microfilm roll number:  1820221; Transcribed by Joyce Nelle Ratliff, December
1994:  Virginia H. Andrews; Place of residence:  Planetary Court; Relation to
head of family:  Officer; Age 73; Widow; Place of birth: Virginia; Place of
birth of father:  Maine; Place of birth of mother: Virginia; Occupation:
Secretary/Society of Koresh

Evelyn Horn's Notes:  Virginia Andrews:
Virginia joined the Koreshan group in Chicago in 1888 at the Koreshan
Home--coming from their native home in Binghamton, New York.

Husband Dr. A.W.K. Andrews, graduate of Ann Arbor Medical School, served as a
surgeon during the Civil War.  Dr. Andrews was the closest friend to Koresh,
lecturing from Chicago to California on Koreshan religion and science.  The
Andrews were pioneers in Estero, coming with the home group in 1894. They had
two sons:  Allen H. and Dudley.  Daughter Annie Ray.

Allen grew up in the printing trade, beginning in Chicago at the age of 15
yrs.  When "The American Eagle" began in 1906, he was editor until it folded
its wings in Jan. 1949.  He also was Pres. of the Koreshan Unity.  Son, Dudley
grew up in the Unity and settled in Miami, printer by trade.  Virginia served
as secretary to the Koreshan Unity for many years.  She lived in the Planetary
Court with the sisters until her death August 3, 1921. Allen died in 1951.

Dr. Andrews was associate editor of "The Flaming Sword" in March 1890, issued
each Saturday at The Guiding Star Publishing House--3619 Cottage Grove
Ave.--Chicago, Ill.

THE AMERICAN EAGLE; Vol. 79; April 1993; Page 1:  "The beautiful Planetary
Court residence, so named for the seven planets then known to exist, still
stands proudly in the Koreshan settlement.  It was built in 1904 to house the
original seven Koreshan women charged by Koresh to manage the affairs of the
Unity.  Each had her own bedroom, and the eighth room, on the main floor,
served as their council chamber or meeting room.  These Stellar Women Were : 
Virginia Andrews, Berthaldine Boomer, Evelyn Bubbett, Eleanor Castle, Rose
Gilbert, Ella Graham and Etta Silverfriend."   VIRGINIA ANDREWS.  She was the
widow of Dr. A. W. K. Andrews, an early and staunch supporter of Dr. Teed, who
died in 1891.  She and Dr. Andrews joined the Koreshan Unity in 1888 in
Chicago. Virginia came to Estero in 1894 with her two sons and daughter.  She
served as secretary of the Koreshan Unity for many years, living in the
Planetary Court until her death in August 1921.  Her son, Allen, was the
editor of The American Eagle for many years, as well as serving as one of the
Unity's presidents."
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Notes for HARRINGER


THE KORESHAN UNITY MEMBERSHIP LIST by Claude J. Rahn:  Mary Linton married
Harringer.
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Notes for Neal HARRIS


THE KORESHAN UNITY MEMBERSHIP LIST by Claude J. Rahn:  Neal Harris.

FOLKS WE KNEW WHILE IN THE K.U. by Marie McCready:  "Another Confederate
veteran.--William McCready

U.S. Federal Census/Estero/Lee County/Florida/1910; Koreshan Unity;
Enumeration date:  23 Apr 1910; Microfilm number:  Fl 1910-H, T624; ED:  80;
Enumerator:  Walter S. Turner, Jr.; Transcribed by Joyce Nelle Ratliff,
January 1995:  Neal Harris; Sex:  male; Race:  white; Age 73; Divorced; Place
of birth:  Alabama; Place of birth of father:  South Carolina; Place of birth
of mother: Georgia; Language spoken:  English; Occupation:  Farmer; Nature of
trade:  General farming; Employer or worker:  worker; No. of months not
employed:  0; Can read and write:  yes.
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Notes for Sarah E. V. HARRIS


THE KORESHAN UNITY MEMBERSHIP LIST by Claude J. Rahn:  Sarah E. V Harris
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Notes for Makie HARRISON


THE KORESHAN UNITY MEMBERSHIP LIST by Claude J. Rahn:  Makie Harrison
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Notes for Helena HART


THE KORESHAN UNITY MEMBERSHIP LIST by Claude J. Rahn:  Helena Hart* (Possibly
same person as Lavinia Hart listed on McCready membership list FOLKS WE KNEW
WHILE IN THE K.U.--Joyce Nelle Ratliff, January 1999)
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Notes for Lavinia HART


FOLKS WE KNEW WHILE IN THE K.U. by Marie McCready; Lavinia Hart*: "Caretaker at
the children's cottage for awhile.  Being naturally nervous, this nearly
wrecked  her so she was given a long rest period afterward to recuperate. The
children called her "Heartless."--Rosalea McCready (*Possibly same person as
Helena Hart listed on THE KORESHAN UNITY MEMBERSHIP LIST by Claude J.
Rahn--Joyce Nelle Ratliff, January 1999)
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Notes for Maria A. HASKELL


THE KORESHAN UNITY MEMBERSHIP LIST by Claude J. Rahn:  Maria A. Haskell.
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Notes for Nancy Cornelia HAWES


THE KORESHAN UNITY MEMBERSHIP LIST by Claude J. Rahn:  N. Cornelia Hawes
Critcher; Born: 26 Jul 1841, Norwich; Died:  11 Oct 1917.

BIO OF NANCY CORNELIA HAWES; Author unknown; Undated:
Nancy Cornelia Hawes was born 24 July 1842 in Connecticut (on the way to
Cambridge, Mass.), the youngest of four children born to Madison Hawes and
Nancy Nelson Dam.
When she was 9 years old, she traveled with her mother to California.  The
three month ocean voyage around the Horn brought them to San Francisco in 1852
where they joined Nancy's father, Madison, who had made the same trip in 1849. 
At this time Nancy was the only surviving child of Madison and Nancy.
They lived on Taylor Street between California and Pine in San Francisco. 
Nancy went to a private school, to a Mrs. Purkitt, and she graduated from the
Bush Street Denman School in San Francisco at the age of 12.
When she was almost 15 years old, on July 1857, she married Henry Critcher in
San Francisco.  The story of how and they met and courted is recounted in
letters which are reprinted in the Henry Critcher section of this genealogy.
Henry and Nancy lived in San Francisco from 1852 to about 1864 when they moved
with her father, Madison, to the Octagon house in Brooklyn (now Oakland) in
the East Bay.  They lived there until sometime after the 1868 earthquake
during which the house was badly damaged.  Henry and Nancy and their children
returned to San Francisco where they lived in the home built in 1854 at the
corner of Taylor and Pine.  Henry died there in 1904.  The house was destroyed
in the earthquake and fire of 1906, and later that year Nancy joined a
religious organization called the Koreshan Unity located in Estero, Florida. 
She was on the editorial staff of "The Flaming Sword" and was considered to be
one of the best posted writers in Scientific religion in the United States. 
Her death was caused by an accident when she fell and broke several bones. 
She retained her mental faculties until a few hours before she died.  She was
buried at the Horseshoe Bend Cemetery at the Koreshan Unity at Estero,
Florida.  She was 76 years old. (Died 11 Oct 1917).
The many letters which she wrote over the years, especially those to her
daughter, Grace Valentine, give insight into the immense reservoir of
strength, wisdom and love which characterized this very special lady.  More
information about her can be found in the Hawes family genealogy.

FOLKS WE KNEW WHILE IN THE K.U. by Marie McCready; Cornelia Critcher: "Had an
almost bass voice; was for a short time caretaker at the children's cottage in
Estero; was the mother of around a dozen children.(--Rosalea McCready) I
remember somebody asked her why she did not live with one of her children and
she replied that they all had big families, and children's activities were too
much for her."(--Marie McCready.)

U.S. Federal Census/Estero/Lee County/Florida--1910; Enumeration date:  23 Apr
1910; Koreshan Unity; Enumerator:  Walter S. Turner, Jr.; Microfilm number: 
Fl 1910-H T624; ED:  80; Transcribed by Joyce Nelle Ratliff, 4 Jan 1995:  N.
C. Critcher; Sex:  Female; Race:  White;  Age 68; Marital Status; Widow; Place
of birth:  Massachusetts; Place of birth of father and mother:  Maine;
Language spoken:  English; Occupation:  None; Can read and write:  yes.

EDITORIAL STAFF of THE FLAMING SWORD:  N. C. Critcher served on the Editorial
staff of THE FLAMING SWORD.

THE FLAMING SWORD; September 1907; Vol 21, No. 9, Page 21 and 22; Article, The
Simplicity of the True Gospel, written by N. C. Critcher.

THE FLAMING SWORD; February 1908, Page 21; Practical Methods of Education
written by N. C. Critcher.

THE FLAMING SWORD; August 1916; Vol 30, No. 8; Page 227; THE OPEN COURT OF
INQUIRY by N. C. Critcher.

ARTICLE, MEMORIES OF SAN FRANCISCO by Nancy Cornelia Critcher, written to the
Editor of the Grizzly Bear, January 13, 1913:  Article describes Nancy
Cornelia Critcher's neighborhood and gives a brief description of her life in
San Francisco where she lived from 1852 until 1906 at which time she moved to
Estero, Florida.

Excerpts from Nancy C. Hawes Critcher's letters:

Estero, December 28, 1906; Dear Children: The sisters wear a kind of
combination corset cover and skirt, which takes the place of the usual skirt
and is cooler than wearing so many garments.  Moreover, as each one does her
own washing and ironing, it is very desirable to have as few pieces as
possible!  They should be made of some thin material, not necessarily very
fine.  I suppose you know what thin material will wear best as you have lived
in a hot climate so long.......You asked me to describe my room, etc. 
Everything here is very primitive and pioneery; the rooms are in dormitory
fashion divided by sheets.....I have a very pretty little dresser that I
bought in Chicago, and a single iron bed - a nice little rocker and the usual
toilet articles, and am very comfortable....We quite often have
visitors......I need a little money to supplement the diet, which is sometimes
not quite up to the standard, especially in sweet things, which you know I am
very fond of.

Estero, August 6, 1907; Dear Grace: ....I never knew time to fly so fast.  I
help in any way that I can - principally in the sewing line. Then I think I
told you that, for a novelty, I preside (?) over a table of boys.  I wish I
could send you a photo of some of the features of the place.  We have some
beautiful bamboo trees and China Berry trees.  The park is really beautiful.

LETTER, May 4, 1917; written to Grace V. Critcher Belshaw from Nancy Cornelia
Hawes Critcher (signed "Mother"):  Nancy tells about life in the settlement:
Estero, May 4, 1917; My dear Grace: ....You ask about our membership here and
the work...We have about a hundred brothers and sisters here, (have not the
exact numbers) and work of many kinds is carried on.  We have a very well
equipped printing establishment, where our two papers, The Flaming Sword and
The American Eagle are published.  The Sword is our religious and scientific
magazine, a monthly, and the Eagle, a weekly secular paper, absolutely
independent of politics, and advocating all measures for the public
welfare....The printing office also does job work for outsiders, besides
printing our own tracts and leaflets.  We have a saw mill, carpenter shop,
machine shop and an electrical shop; also a laundry where all who wish can
have their washing done.  Many, however, myself among the number, prefer to do
their own; the ironing of the sisters' things is done by themselves.  I have
become quite an expert laundress!  We have an agricultural dept, and a dairy,
which supplies milk for the family; pigs and fowls, dogs and cats!  Our park
is greatly admired by visitors; it is the finest in the county.  The recent
freeze did a great deal of damage to our ornamental shrubbery, and some of the
less hardy trees, but the general effect is as good as ever.  I miss the fruit
of California.  The semi-tropical fruits such as guavas, mangos, papaws, etc.
do not suit my taste like the pears, peaches, plums, etc. of the old time. 
But as I did not come here for the luxuries of the palate, I do not complain. 
I am satisfied that this is the best place for me, where all are agreed upon
the religious plane, though still showing all of the human frailties on other
lines!  I read the articles in your papers, and found many good points in
them.  Where we differ fundamentally, however, is in our estimate of the Lord
Jesus, who, to us, is all the God there is.  We take for our standard the
first chapter of John's gospel which makes that fact very plain.  Our life
here hinges entirely upon our belief in the fact that uses to the neighbor are
the real test of all religion.  Love to God and the neighbor is shown by the
performance of uses of daily life, done unselfishly from love.  That is the
aspiration, not always successfully carried out, but always the aim. To return
to the enumeration of our equipment, I find that I failed to mention two very
important items, our boat and autos.  We have two autos and many boats.  One,
a large freighting a passenger boat, runs to Ft. Myers three times a week, as
a common carrier for the neighborhood.  The others are used between our Mound
Key place, and Estero Island, both for pleasure and service.  On Mound Key our
vegetables are raised by a brother who lives there, and the Island is very
much appreciated as a place of rest and recuperation.  A brother lives there,
also, and raises vegetables and chickens, besides keeping the place in
beautiful order. There is fine salt water bathing to be enjoyed there,
also........We have in the river any amount of oysters, to say nothing of some
very fine fish among which are mullet, which I consider as fine as any fish I
ever ate with the sole exception of salmon. I believe I have now pretty well
covered the subject of our numbers and resources.  None of them are developed
to the limit of their possibilities, because we have not enough men to fill so
large a requirement.  This reminds me that I have not told you much about the
work of the sisters.  The sisters and the children of whom there are ten, do
the dining-room and dish-washing work; they, also (not the same ones) do
mending for the brothers, and others sew for such of the sisters as cannot do
their own.  One sister makes shirts and overalls very expertly.  Others make
sheets and bed screens, etc.  Many of the sisters are like myself......and
cannot do very strenuous work, although not by any means deficient in power to
do mental work.  Our old ladies would be a credit to any Old Ladies' Home! 
The brothers, as a rule, are nearer middle age.

LETTER, September 25, 1917; written and signed, YOUR LOVING MOTHER; TO: All my
own dear children and Carlina, my daughter by adoption:  A round-robin letter
of farewell to her children.  After her accident, she felt she was not going
to recover, and she sent what she described as a letter of "the few mother's
parting words" to all her children.

TWO LETTERS, October 5, 1917 and October 6, 1917; written on Koreshan Unity
stationery and signed "Ed" (probably Nancy Hawe Critcher's son Edward Payson
Critcher):  Letters written to family members while he is visiting his mother
after her accident.

LETTER, October 9, 1917, signed by (Mrs. Virginia Andrews) and written to Mrs.
Jack Belshaw:  Virginia is answering a letter of inquiry from Mrs. Belshaw (a
daughter) concerning Mrs. Belshaw's mother and her condition.

LETTER, October 17, 1917, signed Ed (see above) to his sister Annie: Letter
explains how their mother's accident happened, the care she received from the
Koreshan Unity after the accident, and asking her (Annie) to send him a $10
check so he can send it to the K.U. as a "slight testimonial of our
appreciation for what they (the K.U.) have done for mother during her
illness."

OTHER VARIOUS LETTERS; dated from October 1906 - December 1915, and sent to
her children while she was living in Estero, Florida.

GENEALOGY AND FAMILY HISTORIES (Hawes, Critcher, Payson, Dam, and Noyes);
Researched and Compiled by Grace Valentine Critcher Belshaw; circa 1950;
Revised by Nancy Cornelia Carmine Thornburg; 1984.

OBITUARY; Mrs. N. C. Critcher (Newspaper and date omitted):
Mrs. Nancy Cornelia Critcher, relict of the late "Forty-Niner," Henry
Critcher, known as the Admiral, who was one of the organizers of the San
Francisco Stock Exchange, died today October 11, 1917, at the Koreshan Unity,
located at Estero, Florida, a religious organization founded by the late Dr.
Cyrus R. Teed.  Mrs. Critcher was on the editorial staff of "The Flaming
Sword," the organ of the community, and was considered by those who knew her,
to be one of the best posted writers on scientific religion in the United
States.  She left a family of seven sons and four daughters,--Mrs. Charles H.
Crowell, living in Spain; Mrs. Grace V. Belshaw at Antioch; Mrs. Virginia C.
Brittson at Vallejo; Mrs. Reginald Atthowe of San Anselmo, all in California,
and a granddaughter, Mrs. Engracia F. Freyer, wife of Lieut. F. S. Freyer of
the United States Navy, of Washington, D. C. One of her sons, Edward Payson
Critcher of the Chicago Herald, was at her bed-side when she passed away.  Her
death was caused by an accident several weeks ago, when she fell and broke
several bones.  She never recovered, but retained her mental faculties until a
few hours before she died.  She was buried at the Koreshan Unity Cemetery at
Estero.  She was 76 years of age, and lived in San Francisco from 1852 until
1905, when she moved to Estero, Florida.

Burial:  Horseshoe Bend on the River--Koreshan Unity Cemetery--lot 2;
Inscription:  Nancy Hawes/Oct-12-17
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Notes for Cora HAWK


THE KORESHAN UNITY MEMBERSHIP LIST by Claude J. Rahn: Cora Koester; "Wife of
Charles Edward Koester, Born:  Muscatine, Iowa, maiden name "Hawk". She died
Ft. Myers, August 1952.  Later, 2nd husband J. Newcomb."

FOLKS WE KNEW WHILE IN THE K.U. by Marie McCready; Cora Koester, mother: "Both
Ed, Sr. and Cora left and remarried--he a wealthy semi-invalid, and she James
Newcomb.  Edward, Jr. has a successful printing and publishing place in
Jacksonville. Julius, whom we always called "Ceasar," lives in St.
Petersburg."

1910 U. S. Federal Census; State:  Florida; County:  Lee; Township:  LaBelle;
ED:  77; Enumeration date:  Apr-May 15-13, 1910; Enumerator:  John A. ?.  
Name:  Cora Kester; Relation to head of family:  Servant; Sex:  female; Color: 
white; Age:  27; Marital status:  married; Number of years married:  none
listed; Mother of how many children:  2; Number of those children living:  2;
Place of birth:  Iowa; Place of birth of father:  U.S.; Place of birth of
mother:  U.S.; Language spoken:  English; Trade or profession:  cook; General
nature of work:  Hotel; Employer or worker:  worker; Can read and write:  yes.
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Notes for Delilah HAWORTH


THE KORESHAN UNITY MEMBERSHIP LIST by Claude J. Rahn:  Solomon and Delilah
Haworth

FOLKS WE KNEW WHILE IN THE K.U. by Marie McCready:  (Delilah Hayworth, mother)
"Grandma Hayworth" was over 100 years old.--Lovelle McCready  She liked to sew
and did a very nice job of it but couldn't see to thread needles so I used to
go over and thread a whole pincushion full at one time.  She told me that when
I could not see to thread my own needles, some nice little girl would do it
for me.--Rosalea McCready
Return to Delilah HAWORTH